webpack 5 で「process is not defined」やコアモジュールの解決に失敗する

// webpack.config.js
module.exports = {
  resolve: {
    fallback: { fs: false, path: require.resolve("path-browserify") },
  },
};

$ npx webpack
asset main.js 1.09 KiB [emitted] (name: main)
runtime modules 211 bytes 1 module
./src/index.js 95 bytes [built] [code generated]
 
ERROR in ./src/index.js 1:0-24
Module not found: Error: Can't resolve 'path' in '/tmp/tmp.FUSPmjBJVH/src'
 
BREAKING CHANGE: webpack < 5 used to include polyfills for node.js core modules by default.
This is no longer the case. Verify if you need this module and configure a polyfill for it.
 
If you want to include a polyfill, you need to:
	- add a fallback 'resolve.fallback: { "path": require.resolve("path-browserify") }'
	- install 'path-browserify'
If you don't want to include a polyfill, you can use an empty module like this:
	resolve.fallback: { "path": false }
resolve 'path' in '/tmp/tmp.FUSPmjBJVH/src'
  Parsed request is a module
  using description file: /tmp/tmp.FUSPmjBJVH/package.json (relative path: ./src)
    Field 'browser' doesn't contain a valid alias configuration
    resolve as module
      /tmp/tmp.FUSPmjBJVH/src/node_modules doesn't exist or is not a directory
      looking for modules in /tmp/tmp.FUSPmjBJVH/node_modules
        single file module
          using description file: /tmp/tmp.FUSPmjBJVH/package.json (relative path: ./node_modules/path)
            no extension
              Field 'browser' doesn't contain a valid alias configuration
              /tmp/tmp.FUSPmjBJVH/node_modules/path doesn't exist
            .js
              Field 'browser' doesn't contain a valid alias configuration
              /tmp/tmp.FUSPmjBJVH/node_modules/path.js doesn't exist
            .json
              Field 'browser' doesn't contain a valid alias configuration
              /tmp/tmp.FUSPmjBJVH/node_modules/path.json doesn't exist
            .wasm
              Field 'browser' doesn't contain a valid alias configuration
              /tmp/tmp.FUSPmjBJVH/node_modules/path.wasm doesn't exist
            .html
              Field 'browser' doesn't contain a valid alias configuration
              /tmp/tmp.FUSPmjBJVH/node_modules/path.html doesn't exist
            .css
              Field 'browser' doesn't contain a valid alias configuration
              /tmp/tmp.FUSPmjBJVH/node_modules/path.css doesn't exist
        /tmp/tmp.FUSPmjBJVH/node_modules/path doesn't exist
      /tmp/node_modules doesn't exist or is not a directory
      /node_modules doesn't exist or is not a directory
 
webpack 5.110.3 compiled with 1 error in 57 ms
$ echo $?
1

$ npx webpack
asset main.js 25.1 KiB [emitted] (name: main)
runtime modules 883 bytes 4 modules
cacheable modules 21.2 KiB
  ./src/index.js 95 bytes [built] [code generated]
  ./node_modules/path-browserify/index.js 15.8 KiB [built] [code generated]
  ./node_modules/process/browser.js 5.29 KiB [built] [code generated]
webpack 5.110.3 compiled successfully in 73 ms
$ echo $?
0

$ npx webpack
asset main.js 3.46 KiB [emitted] (name: main)
runtime modules 883 bytes 4 modules
cacheable modules 61 bytes
  ./src/index.js 46 bytes [built] [code generated]
  fs (ignored) 15 bytes [built] [code generated]
webpack 5.110.3 compiled successfully in 50 ms
$ echo $?
0

npm install --save-dev path-browserify stream-browserify buffer

// webpack.config.js
module.exports = {
  resolve: {
    fallback: {
      path: require.resolve("path-browserify"),
      stream: require.resolve("stream-browserify"),
      buffer: require.resolve("buffer/"),
    },
  },
};

// webpack.config.js
const webpack = require("webpack");
 
module.exports = {
  plugins: [
    new webpack.ProvidePlugin({
      process: "process/browser",
      Buffer: ["buffer", "Buffer"],
    }),
  ],
};

// webpack.config.js
module.exports = {
  resolve: {
    fallback: { fs: false, child_process: false, net: false },
  },
};